Samuel Johnson (1709–1784), often referred to as Dr. Johnson, was an English writer, lexicographer, essayist, literary critic, and one of the most prominent figures of 18th-century British literature. He is best known for his pioneering work, A Dictionary of the English Language (1755), which became the preeminent English dictionary for over 150 years, and for his sharp wit and moral insight as chronicled by his biographer James Boswell in The Life of Samuel Johnson. His vast output includes poetry, periodical essays, literary criticism, biographies, and political pamphlets, establishing him as a central intellectual force of the Georgian era and a towering figure in the canon of English letters.
Samuel Johnson
December 15, 2025
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Overview
01
Overview and Significance
An introduction to Samuel Johnson's life, his central place in 18th-century literature, and his lasting legacy as a lexicographer and moralist.
02
Early Life and Formative Years
Chronological examination of Johnson's childhood in Lichfield, his education, early struggles with poverty and illness, and his move to London.
03
Major Works and Literary Output
A detailed analysis of Johnson's key publications, including A Dictionary of the English Language, The Rambler essays, Rasselas, his edition of Shakespeare, and his poetry.
04
The Johnsonian Circle and Intellectual Context
Exploration of the social and intellectual milieu of Johnson's London, including The Club, his relationships with figures like Boswell, Reynolds, and Burke, and his role as a conversationalist.
05
Critical Philosophy and Moral Thought
An examination of Johnson's core beliefs as a literary critic, Christian moralist, and conservative thinker, focusing on his views on human nature, ethics, and the purpose of literature.
06
Controversies and Personal Struggles
Analysis of the criticisms of his work, his political writings, his well-documented melancholia and tics, and the complexities of his personal character.
07
Legacy and Modern Relevance
Assessment of Johnson's enduring influence on the English language, lexicography, biography, and literary criticism, and his status in contemporary cultural memory.
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