Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge for achieving practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word "technology" itself can also refer to the products resulting from such efforts, ranging from simple tools and machines to complex systems and intangible software. Derived from the Greek words "τέχνη" (téchne, meaning "art, skill, craft") and "-λογία" (-logía, meaning "study of"), technology fundamentally involves the creation and use of means to solve problems or fulfill objectives. It is a driving force in history, significantly influencing, and being influenced by, a society's cultural, economic, and environmental conditions. The field encompasses a vast array of disciplines, including engineering, computing, electronics, biotechnology, and transport, and serves as a primary engine of modern economic development and social change.
Overview
Overview / Introduction
A broad introduction to the field of technology, defining it as the application of knowledge for practical purposes, exploring its etymology, and summarizing its immense impact on human society from ancient tools to modern digital systems.
History / Origins
A chronological exploration of technological development from the Stone Age through the Agricultural, Industrial, and Information Revolutions, highlighting key inventions and paradigm shifts that have shaped human capabilities.
Core Concepts / Fundamentals
Examination of the fundamental principles underlying technological systems, including concepts of innovation, invention, design, systems theory, efficiency, and the relationship between science, engineering, and technology.
Structure / Classifications
A detailed breakdown of the major branches of technology, including their components, tools, and foundational knowledge areas, such as materials, energy systems, information processing, and biological interfaces.
Applications / Use Cases
Analysis of how technology is applied across various sectors including industry, medicine, communication, transportation, and daily life, demonstrating its role in solving problems and enhancing human experience.
Criticism / Controversies / Limitations
A critical review of the unintended consequences of technological progress, including issues of ethics, privacy, environmental impact, digital divides, job displacement, and technological determinism.
Future Directions / Research
Exploration of emerging and speculative technological frontiers such as artificial general intelligence, quantum computing, biotechnology, nanotechnology, sustainable tech, and the convergence of physical and digital worlds.