Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, engineering, and everyday life. It encompasses the tools, machines, systems, and methods used to solve problems, achieve goals, or perform specific functions. The term originates from the Greek words 'techne' (art, craft) and 'logia' (study of). The history of technology is deeply intertwined with human evolution, beginning with the creation of simple stone tools in the Paleolithic era, progressing through major revolutions like the Agricultural, Industrial, and Digital, and shaping modern society through fields such as computing, electronics, and biotechnology. As a pervasive force, it drives economic growth, transforms communication, and raises significant ethical, environmental, and social questions regarding its development and impact.
Overview
Overview
Defining technology, its etymology, and its fundamental role in human civilization and progress.
History and Origins
A chronological survey of technological development from prehistoric tools to contemporary digital systems.
Core Concepts and Fundamentals
Examination of key principles like innovation, systems theory, and the relationship between science and technology.
Structure and Components
Analysis of the typical architecture of technological systems, including hardware, software, networks, and protocols.
Types and Classifications
Categorization of technology by field (e.g., information, industrial, biotechnology) and by function.
Applications and Use Cases
Exploration of practical implementations in industry, healthcare, communication, transportation, and daily life.
Criticism, Controversies, and Limitations
Discussion of ethical dilemmas, environmental impact, digital divides, and societal challenges posed by technological advancement.
Future Directions and Research
Investigation of emerging trends such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, sustainable tech, and bioengineering.